Publication Summary:

When compared to standard two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, three-dimensional (3D) systems have been shown to more accurately mimic the physiologic cellular microenvironment across a variety of tissues.  We have previously reported successful fabrication and mineralization of bioprinted 3D structures comprised of primary bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMMSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Here we present a novel 3D tissue printing method using the Novogen Bioprinter® Platform and bioink formulated with a lower cell density to model mineralization.